Health Canada · ingredienslistor
Ingredienslista · LNHPD 20455851
Deklarerade ingredienser och ursprungsmaterial. Produktnamn och varumärken ingår inte i detta flöde.
Ingrediensbeteckningar i källan
| Beteckning | Typ av uppgift | Ämnesregister |
|---|---|---|
| Linum usitatissimum | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Seed(s) | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Engraulidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Clupeidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Engraulidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Clupeidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Engraulidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Oenothera biennis | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Seed(s) | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Oenothera biennis | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Seed(s) | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Calcium caseinate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Calcium caseinate | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-Leucine | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-Leucine | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-Isoleucine | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-isoleucine | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Bos taurus - Milk | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Conjugated linoleic acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Conjugated linoleic acid | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-Valine | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| L-valine | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Soy protein isolate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Glycine max - Seed | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Soy protein isolate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Glycine max - Seed | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Soy protein isolate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Glycine max - Seed | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Bos taurus - Milk | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Whey protein concentrate | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Bos taurus - Milk | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Borago officinalis | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Seed(s) | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Borago officinalis | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Seed(s) | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Fish oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Clupeidae - Whole | Ursprungsmaterial | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| DL-Malic acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Xanthan Gum | Deklarerad ingrediens | xanthan gum |
| Sodium chloride | Deklarerad ingrediens | sodium chloride |
| Medium chain triglycerides | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Stearic acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Cream flavour | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Cellulose gum | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Sucralose | Deklarerad ingrediens | sucralose |
| Maltodextrin | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Tocopherols | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Acesulfame potassium | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Sodium ascorbate | Deklarerad ingrediens | sodium ascorbate |
| Lecithin | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Cocoa Powder | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Banana flavour | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Beetroot red | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Citric acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | citric acid |
| Vanilla | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Modified food starch | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Sunflower Oil | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Citric acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | citric acid |
| Lactic acid | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Gelatin | Deklarerad ingrediens | gelatin |
| Strawberry flavour | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Carrageenan | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
| Silicon dioxide | Deklarerad ingrediens | Ingen ämneskoppling tillgänglig |
Ämneskopplingarna fylls på stegvis. Deklarerad ingrediens och ursprungsmaterial är separata uppgifter. En koppling anger identitet, inte effekt, mängd eller ett försäljningstillstånd.
Originalunderlag
Hämtat . Mängder, enheter, villkor och källans övriga uppgifter finns i underlaget nedan.
Visa källans strukturerade data
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"source_api_urls": [
"https://health-products.canada.ca/api/natural-licences/medicinalingredient/?lang=en&type=json&id=20455851",
"https://health-products.canada.ca/api/natural-licences/nonmedicinalingredient/?lang=en&type=json&id=20455851"
],
"medicinal_ingredients": [
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Linum usitatissimum",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Seed(s)"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 76.4,
"potency_constituent": "Whey protein",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "%",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Whey protein concentrate"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 76.4,
"potency_constituent": "Whey protein",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "%",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Bos taurus - Milk"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0.004,
"potency_constituent": "Magnesium",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "g",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Whey protein concentrate"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0.004,
"potency_constituent": "Magnesium",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "g",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Bos taurus - Milk"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 6.3,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "g",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Whey protein concentrate"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Whey protein concentrate",
"quantity": 6.3,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "g",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Bos taurus - Milk"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Borago officinalis",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 10,
"potency_constituent": "gamma-Linolenic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "%",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Seed(s)"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Borago officinalis",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Seed(s)"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 10.8,
"potency_constituent": "Eicosapentaenoic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Clupeidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 10.8,
"potency_constituent": "Eicosapentaenoic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Engraulidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 7.2,
"potency_constituent": "Docosahexaenoic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Clupeidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 7.2,
"potency_constituent": "Docosahexaenoic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Engraulidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Clupeidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Fish oil",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Engraulidae - Whole"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Oenothera biennis",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Seed(s)"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Oenothera biennis",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 4.8,
"potency_constituent": "gamma-Linolenic acid",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "%",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Seed(s)"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Calcium caseinate",
"quantity": 5.6,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "g",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Calcium caseinate"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "L-Leucine",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "L-Leucine"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "L-Isoleucine",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "L-isoleucine"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Conjugated linoleic acid",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Conjugated linoleic acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "L-Valine",
"quantity": 200,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "mg",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "L-valine"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Soy protein isolate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0.009,
"potency_constituent": "Magnesium",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "g",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Glycine max - Seed"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Soy protein isolate",
"quantity": 0,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "Isoflavones",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "g",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Glycine max - Seed"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Soy protein isolate",
"quantity": 11.15,
"quantity_unit_of_measure": "g",
"ingredient_Text": null,
"potency_amount": 0,
"potency_constituent": "",
"potency_unit_of_measure": "",
"quantity_minimum": 0,
"quantity_maximum": 0,
"ratio_numerator": "",
"ratio_denominator": "",
"dried_herb_equivalent": "",
"dhe_unit_of_measure": "",
"extract_type_desc": "",
"source_material": "Glycine max - Seed"
}
],
"nonmedicinal_ingredients": [
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "DL-Malic acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Xanthan Gum"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Lecithin"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Sunflower Oil"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Citric acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Lactic acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Gelatin"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Strawberry flavour"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Carrageenan"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Silicon dioxide"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Sodium chloride"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Medium chain triglycerides"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Stearic acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Cream flavour"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Cellulose gum"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Sucralose"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Maltodextrin"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Tocopherols"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Acesulfame potassium"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Sodium ascorbate"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Cocoa Powder"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Banana flavour"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Beetroot red"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Citric acid"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Vanilla"
},
{
"lnhpd_id": 20455851,
"ingredient_name": "Modified food starch"
}
],
"provider": "Health Canada LNHPD",
"scope": "source_product_ingredient_lists",
"source_notice": "Native LNHPD product identity only. No licence or brand lookup was imported. Names are source labels, not resolved chemical identities. Preserve original quantities, units and zero values without interpreting missing information."
}Källa och rättigheter
Öppna originalkällan ↗Health Canada LNHPD; attribution and original Government of Canada terms apply
- Källans ID
- 20455851
- Sparad källversion
- lnhpd-version-efca93172826b5d47c920ed8