royal jelly

ChEBI · EMBL-EBI ↗ · Källdatum saknas · Källans villkor

A mixture secreted by the hypopharyngeal gland of young worker bees (Apis mellifera) and fed as it is secreted to the queen bee and to larvae that are being raised as potential queen bees; it is not stored. Water makes up about two thirds of fresh royal jelly, with the remainder consisting mostly of proteins and sugars, followed by lipids (mostly free fatty acids containing short (8 to 10 carbon atom) chains with uncommon structures) and water-soluble vitamins.

HondaYoko; FujitaYasunori; MaruyamaHiroe; ArakiYoko; IchiharaKenji; SatoAkira; KojimaToshio; TanakaMasashi; NozawaYoshinori; ItoMasafumi; HondaShuji; KaeberleinMatt · Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Related Substances on the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly ↗ · Aug 9, 2011 · Källans villkor

We first investigated the effects of RJ on the lifespan of the wild-type N2 strain of C. elegans. RJ treatment was begun at the young adult stage with concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µg/ml. RJ treatment at 10 µg/ml extended the mean lifespan by 7–9%, whereas either 1 or 100 µg/ml RJ had little or no effects on the lifespan (Fig. 1, Table S1), indicating that there is an optimal dose of RJ for lifespan extension. In contrast, pRJ prolonged the mean lifespan at all concentrations tested (1, 10 and 100 µg/ml). The maximal effect was observed at 10 µg/ml, at which concentration the mean lifespan was increased by 7–18% (Fig. 2, Table S1). These results suggest that both RJ and pRJ contain the lifespan-extending agents and that these agents are not proteinaceus.

HondaYoko; FujitaYasunori; MaruyamaHiroe; ArakiYoko; IchiharaKenji; SatoAkira; KojimaToshio; TanakaMasashi; NozawaYoshinori; ItoMasafumi; HondaShuji; KaeberleinMatt · Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Related Substances on the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly ↗ · Aug 9, 2011 · Källans villkor

[3,"N2","Control (EtOH)","27.5±0.2",null,29,null,36,null,"2 (164)","*"],[null,"N2","RJ 1 µg/ml","28.4±0.3","+3",30,"+3",37,"+3","2 (150)","p<0.05"]

HondaYoko; FujitaYasunori; MaruyamaHiroe; ArakiYoko; IchiharaKenji; SatoAkira; KojimaToshio; TanakaMasashi; NozawaYoshinori; ItoMasafumi; HondaShuji; KaeberleinMatt · Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Related Substances on the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly ↗ · Aug 9, 2011 · Källans villkor

Lifespan in metazoans is influenced not only by genetic factors [1], [2] but also by environmental factors, including temperature [3], [4], oxygen [5]–[7], food intake [8] and nutrition [9]–[16]. In the honeybee Apis mellifera L., queens live and reproduce for 1–4 years, yet hive workers, which are derived from the same diploid genome, live for only 3–6 weeks during the spring and summer in temperate climates [17]–[19]. Queens are fed throughout their lives with royal jelly (RJ), which is produced by the hypopharyngeal, postcerebral and mandibular glands of the worker bees. In contrast, workers are fed this RJ for only a short period of time during their larval stages. This scenario raises the possibility that RJ contains longevity-promoting agents for queens [17], [19]. An analysis of its chemical composition showed that RJ comprises proteins, sugars, lipids, vitamins and free amino acids [20] together with a variety of bioactive substances, including AMP N1-oxide [21], peptides [22]–[24], acetylcholine [25]–[27] and fatty acids, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) [28]. The mechanism by which RJ exerts its longevity effects on queen bees and the identities of the components that play critical roles in this process are largely unknown.

HondaYoko; FujitaYasunori; MaruyamaHiroe; ArakiYoko; IchiharaKenji; SatoAkira; KojimaToshio; TanakaMasashi; NozawaYoshinori; ItoMasafumi; HondaShuji; KaeberleinMatt · Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Related Substances on the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan-Extending Effects of Royal Jelly ↗ · Aug 9, 2011 · Källans villkor

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used in studies on aging and longevity. It is an ideal model organism for such studies because of its relatively short lifespan (3–4 weeks) and well-established genetic pathways [1]. Using C. elegans, researchers have identified several compounds that are capable of extending lifespan and are derived from natural products including blueberries [48], herbs [49] and green tea [50], [51]. In the present study, we examined the effects of RJ and pRJ on the lifespan of C. elegans to identify the lifespan-extending agents in these substances and to understand the mechanism of their action.